The Archimedes Project

Faced with a large scale increase in the number of private vehicles, rising traffic pollution, constant increase in fuel prices and growing traffic pollution, the European Commission – the executive body of the European Union – launched the Archimedes Project in 2008 under the City-Vitality-Sustainability Plus Initiative. Slated to be completed by 2012, Archimedes has promoted clean fuel environment-friendly vehicles and non-motorised transport, and at the same time, introduced innovative measures to reduce traffic congestion and enhance commuters’ safety.

Urban Transport Energy Consumption:Determinants and Strategies for its Reduction

The adoption of faster modes of transport has changed profoundly the spatial organisation of cities. The increase in average speed of a city’s transport system calls for more space. The result is urban sprawl and reduced density. Dominant transport modes are, therefore, the determinants of urban structures. The increase in distance covered due to increased speed of travel and urban sprawl leads to an increase in energy consumption.