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                                                                                      location. Some vehicle makers and
                                                                                      mapping service providers are starting
                                                                                      to use such information to identify
                                                                                      roadway hazards such as potholes.
                                                                                        From a vehicle manufacturer’s
                                                                                      perspective, one  cannot rely on
                                                                                      universal cellular coverage. As a
                                                                                      result, applications need to be
                                                                                      designed to operate on the premise
                                                                                      that connectivity may or may not
                                                                                      be available and therefore vehicle
                                                                                      systems need to include the ability to
                                                                                      store critical data locally, transmitting
                                                                                      valuable information when connectivity
                  Sensor type         Quantity Data generated per sensor              is restored.
                  Radar                 04-Jun  0.1-15 Mbit/s                         Data volume today
                  LIDAR                01-May   20-100 Mbit/s                           A study performed by ADAC in 2016
                  Camera               06-Dec   500-3500 Mbit/s                       identified that the BMW i3 electric
                                                                                      vehicle transmits the ‘Last State Call’
                  Ultrasonic           Aug-16   <0.01 Mbit/s
                                                                                      automatically  every time  the  driver
                  Vehicle motion, GNSS,   —     <0.1 Mbit/s                           switches off the car and locks the
                  IMU                                                                 doors (vehicle is not in motion). This
                                                                                      call includes the content of the error
                                                                                      memory, battery details including
                                                                                      cell temperatures and charge level,
                                                                                      the driving mode (eco, eco plus,
                                                                                      sport), operational data of the range
                                                                                      extender, the mileage at various driving
                                                                                      operations, quality of the charging
                                                                                      point including malfunctions and the
                                                                                      position of the last 16 charging points
                                                                                      used.
                                                                                        Key to note in the BMW case is that
                                                                                      some information is obtained while
                                                                                      the vehicle is in motion, with other
                                                                                      information being collected at the end
                                                                                      of the journey. Information provided
                                                                                      by OEM A (a Japanese auto- maker)
                                                                                      indicates  that  their  personal  light
                                                                                      vehicles  generate  a  report  of  ~10-
                                                                                      15MB per duty-cycle. How does this
                                                                                      compare to the typical smartphone
                                                                                      users? According to a 2018 report,







            30  April - May ’19 / TrafficInfraTech                                                      www.trafficinfratech-com-500653.hostingersite.com
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