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                written by Jana Sochor for the      incentivizing travel behaviour    individuals, unbanked and
                International Transport Forum.      change;                           underbanked     individuals,
                The most significant challenges to   •  Financial viability including   seniors, and those with cultural
                MaaS identified by Sochor can be    business  models  that  are       differences.
                summarized as follows:              sustainable, reliance on         The key to the future of MaaS)

                •  Integration   of   mobility      investment such as that        is overcoming the challenges
                   services, and coordination       provided by venture capital,   identified above, some of which
                   and cooperation among            and identifying and obtaining   are quite complex and will require
                   mobility service providers,      continuous funding;            significant funding and piloting
                   government/regulatory bodies,   •  Regulatory   and    policy   to confirm that the challenge(s)
                   platform developers and other    frameworks including operating   have been overcome. Hopefully,
                   stakeholders;                    within existing regulatory     upcoming MaaS deployments and

                •  Transportation  ecosystem        frameworks that may not be     enhancements to existing MaaS
                                                                                   systems will be based on specific
                   that is multimodal and           designed to accommodate        and realistic goals and objectives
                   well-connected;                  MaaS, adapting regulations
                                                    and policies to support MaaS,   so  that  their  “success”  can  be
                •  Technical challenges including   and addressing liability issues   measured in a precise way.
                   development, maintenance and     and ensuring fair competition;   Also, the sustainability of the
                   interoperability  of  platforms   and                           platforms  and  ability  of  these
                   and digital infrastructure, data                                systems to encourage changes
                   sharing protocols and standards,   •  Equity,  inclusivity  and  in travel behaviour away from
                   and data privacy and security;   accessibility including ensuring
                                                    that MaaS services are         the single-occupant vehicle will
                •  User adoption, perception and    accessible and affordable for   be critical as to whether or not
                   trust (e.g., data privacy and    all  users,  including  persons   MaaS will be an important part of
                   security), and encouraging and   with disabilities, low-income   personal mobility.            TT


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