Page 44 - TT mag April 2024 Digital Edition

PARKING

driver about where to find a parking
space. They are used in either
wired networks or short-range
communication technologies like
Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi, and RFID
which are not reliable in scenarios
of indoor and outdoor parking
and have many issues related to
interference, energy consumption,
and limited resources.

Long Range Wide Area
Network Technology

The evolution of smart parking Only one LoRaWAN gateway will more than 225, then the red LED
has had many motivations, and be implemented to receive all the (occupied) will light up as a local
among them is the utilization of information from the sensor as its indicator in the parking lot. If not,
long-range technologies, such as range can reach up to 10 km. The the green LED indicating vacancy will
Long-Range Wide Area Network sensor will be implemented on the be visible. Drivers can explore this
(LoRaWAN). This study proposes to ground for each parking lot. An LED information through the GUI using
implement LoRaWAN into the SPS. light is installed on the ceiling for Internet-connected devices.
LoRa is a patented technology for each parking lot, which turns green
wireless communication of IoT and when there is no vehicle and red Physical validation
the LoRaWAN, a low-power and otherwise. A microcontroller with a and Conclusion
wide-area networking protocol with LoRa interface is used to build the
an open specification that supports smart sensor node, and an ultrasonic The proposed system has been
long range technology. The topology sensor is used for vehicle detection, deployed and validated in a real
of the networks is star-of-stars with with a gateway to provide fast data parking lot as a single node with a
a gateway that forwards the data analysis, thereby speeding up the single gateway and has performed
from the nodes to the IoT server. uploading of information to the effectively. The system can be extended
cloud. The gateway will be updated to collect data on the duration of the
The LoRa technology can be easily on the data about parking availability car parked for bill calculation and
plugged into the conventional in real-time to the IoT platform to be automatic bill payment for e-money
infrastructure to enable low-cost, accessed by end users. application users and any online
low-data rate and battery-operated banking pre-linked to the application.
IoT applications. It supports secure, How it will work In future studies, it is proposed to
two-way communication for IoT implement multiple sensing nodes in
applications that scales to connect When a user wants to access the a multi-parking space. The plan is to
millions of potential devices. The Smart Parking System, his mobile conduct tests under various weather
LoRaWAN protocol was designed phone or laptop needs to connect conditions such as snow and rain
with authentication and encryption to the Internet to view the real-time to ensure the system’s robustness.
built into the specification itself information of the parking lot status. Ultimately, the goal is to design a
for security purposes. Single- The gateway placed in the parking compact, water-resistant iteration
LoRa gateway devices can handle area needs to be connected to the with a higher infill rate to withstand
thousands of end devices or nodes. Internet as well to receive and send adverse conditions like flooding and
This technology may be applied to data to the network server. The high pressure.
big spaces of parking lots. smart parking node will start to send
Content Courtesy: Science Direct. White paper
the data detected by the waterproof by Waheb A. Jabbar from College of Engineering,
Virtual testing plan ultrasonic sensor and magnetometer Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the
to the TTN through the gateway. Built Environment, Birmingham City University,
A virtual parking lot plan layout was If the distance of the waterproof UK and Lu Yi Tiew and Nadiah Y. Ali Shah,
designed to decide the placement of ultrasonic sensor is less than 40 cm Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600,
sensors, gateway, and parking area. and the magnetic field strength is Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia. TT

44 TRAFFICINFRATECH / April 2024 / www.trafficinfratech.com